Psychological Disorders in A Rose for Emily - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1066 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: A Rose For Emily Essay Did you like this example? A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner is one of the most popular short stories written by Faulkner. By Faulkner writing about the political and social ways of the South, Faulkner was creating an illusion of the New south, as being what we know today as America. To give background to A Rose for Emily, the story is divided into five sections. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Psychological Disorders in A Rose for Emily" essay for you Create order In section I, the narrator recalls the time of Emily Griersons death and how the entire town attended her funeral in her home, which no stranger had entered for more than ten years. In section II, the narrator describes a time thirty years earlier when Emily resists another official inquiry on behalf of the town leaders, when the townspeople detect a powerful odor emanating from her property. In section III, the narrator describes a long illness that Emily suffers after this incident. Section IV continues the story of Emilys courtship with Homer; as the courtship went on, the townsfolk decided to take action to prevent it, believing it to be improper. Last, but not least, section V returns to the present. After Emilys death, Tobe leaves Jefferson and never returns. After Emily is buried, the townspeople explore her house, which none of them had seen in decades. In an upstairs room, they find the remains of Homer Barron in a bridal suite. The room is covered in dust and appears to hav e remained untouched for decades. On the pillow beside Homers corpse, they find a strand of Emilys iron-gray hair. Analytical themes in literature are what makes a story become relevant; when writing a story, you should be sure to tie in some type of critical lens, and thats exactly what William Faulkner did. There were two categories, out of the many critical lenses, that A Rose for Emily fell into: Marxism and Psychoanalysis. Marxism studies how upper classes oppress, restrict, and use the lower class. It also studies struggles between classes, and struggles for wealth and power. Often times, racism is used as a distraction for poor people so they wont unite, while Psychoanalysis studies text for psychological symbolism, motives, and themes; a psychoanalytic critic analyzes the characters as well as the story. Although there were two critical lenses, I believe that Psychoanalysis was the dominant theory. Throughout her life, Emily was constantly barraged with her fathers insistence upon maintaining the bloodline of the Grierson family, and she had no mother to speak of to help combat that immense sense of duty and responsibility as the only child. By the time she was thirty, she still had yet to marry, which leads to the inevitable for a woman of that time: low self-esteem. Low self-esteem is the belief that we are less worthy than other people and, therefore, dont deserve attention, love, or any other of lifes rewards. Indeed, we often believe that we deserve to be punished by life in some way (Tyson, 2006). With the mantra her father engrained into her mind of keeping the bloodline alive and strong, how could her mind resist the fall into low self-esteem? The text gives reason to imply that Emily eventually lost even her will to maintain her thin figure and her health: When we next saw Miss Emily, she had grown fat and her hair was turning grey (Faulkner). Unfortunately, low self e steem is not the only conflict Emily seemed to be dealing with psychologically; I will say that Emily is experiencing a fear of abandonment, too. It is safe to say that this situation is a perfect example of the idea that one core psychological issue can lead to another psychological issue. Also in the story, Emily is seen as a loner, and she deals very minimally with the outside world. Because she decided to detach herself from the outside world, she doesnt allow anyone to get close to her, and she eventually kills the one man that became her friend before he could leave her. I believe that those two core issues, together, made up Emilys largest psychological issue, which was the need for control; the need for control ended up ruining her life in the long run. As stated previously, psychoanalysis studies text for psychological symbolism, motives, and themes, and in A Rose for Emily, Emilys childhood made her into the women that she was then. Her dad tried to control her, and it carried over to her as she got older. I personally believe that Emily was miserable and because she was so miserable, she didnt want other people happy. She ended up killing her friend, Homer Barron, for no reason, in my eyes. From a psychological standpoint, Emily Grierson is the definition of a psychologically impaired woman. Under the Americans with Disabilities Act, a qualified individual with a disability is one who, with or without reasonable modification to rules, policies, or practices, the removal of architectural, communication, or transportation barriers, or the provision of auxiliary aids and services, meets the essential eligibility requirements for the receipt of services or participation in programs or activities provided by a public entity. (2018) To start, a person with a disability is anyone with a physical or mental impairment that significantly limits one or more major life activities such as walking, seeing, hearing, speaking, caring for self, performing manual tasks, working, or learning. According to Academics Speaking Intensive Program, Psychiatric/psychological disabilities (including, but not limited to, depressive, anxiety, and bipolar disorders) are considered disabilities under the ADA if a major life activity is substantially limited; a diagnosis by a licensed mental health professional, including clinical social workers (LCSW), professional counselors (LPC), psychologists, psychiatrists is required and should include the license number and date of the evaluation in the report on letterhead stationery. (2018) Emily was a Necrophiliac; a Necrophiliac is a lover of the dead. When her father died, she kept his body in the house for three days, and when she killed Homer Barron, they discovered that she kept his body in the house for years. Not only did she keep his body in the house for years, she slept with his body. Living a silent life, Emily Grierson becomes uncontainable and uncontrollable by the patriarchal society she is a part of. Her linguistically inexpl icable existence constructs her as a counter discourse against the Law of the Father. Dreaming of a lost body and lost desires, she was psychologically impaired and needed help.

A Better Option Cultural Unity Essay - 1244 Words

A Better Option Cultural Unity Throughout human history, humankind always seeks a way to get together with others in order to enhance the total power to solve its problems. Its problems were sometimes to build a home in a cave, sometimes to hunt an animal or gather some foods, and sometimes protect its land from enemies. These problems are still the main problems of humankind today. People still tend to come together or united to solve their problems because unity always makes more sense than an individualistic approach. Hence, people always interact with each other in order to ameliorate their circumstances over the time. This phenomenon is called globalization that is a social process involving creating new and multiplication of existing social networks and activities by intensifying interaction and interdependence between agents (Steger 9). As a social affair or a phenomenon globalization is more than a reconfiguration of the world-economies which the pressures on all governments to open their borders for inter national trade (Wallerstein 93-94). Globalization is an â€Å"inevitable† (99) and â€Å"irreversible† (100) process of human nature that requires people to live with each other, to interact with each other and to cohabit with other to ameliorate its life quality. Cultural unity is the best option and much more probable way to enhance the total benefit of people, who live in a â€Å"global village† (McLuhan 31), rather than cultural diversity and cultural pluralism for threeShow MoreRelatedUnity And Delta s Situations1530 Words   |  7 PagesBackground a. UNITY DELTA’s situations: 1) History of UNITY Unity is one of the few providers of global shareholder and employee management services in the world. 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One of the most glaring and incongruous reflectionsRead MoreBusiness Using A Process Structure Based Divisional Model1636 Words   |  7 Pages One option that Theresa has is to restructure her business using a process structure based divisional model. To do this she would break up her employees into teams for each step of the production of furniture. These teams will be responsible for a different process in the company. This will mean that the team which handles securing deals with the different retailers, would be different than the one in charge of designing the furniture, or even the team in charge of sourcing the raw materials neededRead MoreGuests Use Main Street Usa As A Transition Between Fantasy And R eality Essay1387 Words   |  6 Pagescreated. The street reminds guests of simpler times in America. 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In disentangling both himself and his statements from the convoluted explanations of diversity, he is able to view this concept through a historical and global lens whichRead MoreProposal Plan Part 11149 Words   |  5 Pagesadministrators. Our goal is to help provide the best solutions for an individual or an entire family to achieve optimum health and quality of life. The facilities objective is to work closely with the family to conduct optimum diagnostic assessments for better health care. VS Lecoin s Family Hospital is a community of medical professionals specializing in various medical needs within one facility to ensure aspects of family care is properly met. Five years of organizational behavior has influencedRead MoreReligious and Faith Can Do more Good than Harm in Society1332 Words   |  6 Pagesholy motivate and almost effortlessly encourage others to follow in their footsteps. This vital outlook on life cultivates the strongest form of unity where people dedicate their time to good citizenship and community service. Religion and faith are the most efficient approaches used to achieve a community by bettering the individual which in turn betters the community. Not every person can say that they feel safe or welcomed in their community. Modern day corrupt societies are mostly filled withRead MoreMarket Analysis : Saudi Arabia1700 Words   |  7 Pagesmany avenues for venture capital funding. Furthermore, public expenditures on education is around 5.8 percent of the country s GDP which is the highest among the Middle Eastern countries. 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Although the societies in Saudi Arabia have very different cultural and market norms than Western countries like Canada, the increasingly competitive and deregulated economic environment has proven to be very beneficial for many companies in the private sector. 5.1 Market Segmentation Our primary objective is toRead MoreDiversity And Diversity Essay904 Words   |  4 Pagesobstacles, understanding differing points of view, implementing innovation, and bettering our world whether that is home, work, school, or society. Throughout diversity is where there is real value. Hearing different points of view makes us consider more options. At this point we need to stop worrying about being offensive to others and just be open and honest to having real conversations that advance our mission at work and in our communities. We get as much energy from the faces we see in our crowds as

Argument Paper Fast Food free essay sample

Zinczenko is saying that common sense would say it is personal responsibility to be an active eater and know what you are putting in your mouth. In discussions of fast-food obesity, one controversial issue has been the lack of the nutritional facts. On the one hand people should do research before they eat instead of blaming fast-food places. On the other hand the nutritional facts should be placed on the food itself. In my opinion, personal responsibility should be taken for what you eat because fast-food places are not forcing you to eat their food. For instance common sense says something that is dunked in grease and cooked in five minutes cannot be good for you. Becoming obese from fast-food is the result of no self-control. Grease in itself contains many calories and causes many problems with blood pressure, cholesterol and type two diabetes. Zinczenko states, â€Å"Today According to the National Institutes of Health, type 2 diabetes accounts for at least 30 percent of all new childhood cases of diabetes on this country† (Zinczenko 154). We will write a custom essay sample on Argument Paper Fast Food or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Type 2 diabetes is obesity related and a serious disease. Poulin 2 Common sense tells you eating two meals a day, in a fast-food restaurant, will cause you to gain weight. This unhealthy weight gain tells people that there is a problem to the way they are eating and it is not the washer shrinking their jeans. Instead of walking into McDonalds kids can walk into Subway and try a sandwich that is healthier and cost about the same as the huge meals they can get at McDonalds. There are healthier alternatives that re just as fast and taste as good as burger joints. Although I grant that many people might say there is no way of knowing how many calories are in fast-food meal has because of the lack of nutritional labels, labels are readily available on fast-food websites. The labels would not change the fact that it is personal responsibility to know that something that has been smothered in grease has no nutritional value. On the one hand, I agree with people that labels should be put on fast-food explaining what is in the food. But on the other hand, I still insist that people should do the research if labels are the main concern of nutritional values. Just because people have labels explaining the fat content does not mean they will stop eating the food. This is where personal responsibility needs to come into play. When people find out what really is in the food and the content of fat people need to be active and make the right decision to not add fast-food into their daily diets. Self-control is a huge factor here and people need to take charge, putting themselves in charge of a healthy lifestyle. In the end it is only the consumer who can control what they consume not the companies and blame cannot be put on that one party. Proponents of fast-food restaurants causing obesity are right to argue that the food causes you to gain weight when you eat it regularly, it is cheap, it is easily accessible, and it is catered to children. But they exaggerate when they claim that fast-food is the number one reason for child obesity in the United States. Poulin 3 You can argue that children who sit in front of video games and computers all day long are a huge contributing factor to the obesity rate. Their lack of activity can cause pounds to pile on and that has nothing to do with McDonalds Fast-food. For instance fast-food has always made me feel sick to my stomach. My common sense would tell me that as good as it does taste my body does not like fast-food. When I was younger I gained a lot of weight because I would eat at McDonalds every chance I got. I was unaware that I could be making better choices and choose not to eat it. Kids today are uneducated on how to make healthier choices and live healthier lives with the influences of fast-food. Zinczenko states, â€Å"But most of the teenagers who live, as I once did, on a fast-food diet won’t turn their lives around: They’ve crossed under the golden arches to a likely fate of lifetime obesity† (Zinczenko 154). If the country believes that fast-food is the cause of childhood obesity then why do we still continue to eat it? People need to realize labels are not put on the food because if people really knew what was in the food they would not continue to eat it. Again that is where common sense should tell you that you should not eat fast-food. Although at a first glance People, including young and old, might say that fast-food is the cause of being obese. But on a closer inspection it is really the individuals fault. For example people are so quick to blame fast-food restaurants for making them obese that they jump right to suing the corporation, but are they actually doing something about the obesity. Zinczenko mentions in his article how one meal can contain â€Å"up around 1,040 calories which is half of the government’s recommended daily calorie intake. And that doesn’t take into account the 450-calorie super-size Coke† (Zinczenko 155). The calorie intake should tell anyone that eating this way and especially eating this way twice a day is extremely unhealthy and fattening. People need Poulin 4 to speak up and demand labels. Zinczenko says, â€Å"They would do well to protect themselves, and their customers, by providing the nutrition information people need to make informed choices about their products. Without such warnings, we’ll see more sick, obese children and angrier, litigious parents† (Zinczenko 155). Parents need to be more active in their children’s lives and teach them about healthy life styles that way in the future generations can be much healthier. In conclusion people need to take personal responsibility for their own weight and stop forcing the blame on fast-food corporations. Common sense should tell you that greasy food is not good for you and that it has no nutritional value. Many people can say that labels are the cause of obesity because they are uniformed about what they are eating. Labels are readily available at any fast-food chain and on their websites. People need to speak up and come up with a solution to this issue rather than be part of the problem. Common sense also says that if it is cooked in grease it is a good chance it is covered in fat. People are responsible for their own lives and they need to stop blaming others for their short comings. Ultimately what is at stake here is a healthier generation.

Five

Introduction According to Porter, five forces influence competition in any sector or industry. These forces include threat of new entrants, threat of substitute commodities or services, buying power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, and rivalry (Porter, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Five-Forces Model in Google specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These forces determine the intensity of competition in any industry. They determine the strategies that organizations and businesses adopt. Google is a multinational corporation that provides services in the internet and software industries. These industries are crowded with many technology companies thus making it highly competitive. Supplier power There is low supplier bargaining power because Google has dominated for a very long time. Google is one of the largest technology companies in the world. It has dominated many aspects of the internet and softw are industry. However, some of its products have not satisfied the needs of consumers. Its growth has stagnated due to threats of forward integration. Rival companies that include Apple and Microsoft continually release new software that challenge the dominance of Google as the preferred search engine (Tar, 2011). On the other hand, these companies continue to use different strategies to eliminate competition. For example, Microsoft embeds its search software into its browser (Tar, 2011). This makes its tool the search engine of choice for people who use its browser. Suppliers mainly rely on Google for services such as advertisements. For example, the ad system was developed in such a way that advertisers and other beneficiaries are Google clients. Therefore, they try to maintain good relationships, thus rendering themselves powerless. Buyer power There is strong buyer power that promotes Google’s dominance. However, rival companies offer products that intensify competition i n the internet and software industries. If customers opt for products from other companies, then its revenues would drop due to reduction in clients that seek advertisement services. Google expanded its dominance by developing an open source operating system (Android) (Tar, 2011). Currently, it is the most preferred and used mobile phone operating system in the market. Other operating systems such as Windows from Microsoft and iOS from Apple have fewer customers (Tar, 2011). Google’s products are affordable hence the high demand compared to products from rival companies.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Competitive rivalry There is moderate competitive rivalry. Google commands the largest share of internet searches. Its greatest rivals include Yahoo and MSN. However, it is the most preferred and used search engine. The corporation has dominated the internet for many ye ars because of its innovativeness and creativity. Features such as Google maps, Google Earth, and Street View have attracted users to the search engine (Tar, 2011). These features are unique to Google only. Even though rivals make improvements on their products, they do not propel them to dominate the markets. They lack creativity and innovativeness. After development of the Android operating system, demand for Google’s products soared (Hamen, 2011). Rival products that challenge its dominance include Apple’s iOS and other software developed for computers and mobile devices. Competition is moderate because very few mobile devices use the iOS. The greatest percentage of mobile devices on the market today uses the Android operating system. However, the iPhone has a larger market share compared to any phone that operates on Android. Threat of substitution There is a very low threat of substitution for Google. The internet is the main source of information and data in toda y’s information age. Reliance on the internet for information is based on use of search engines and other services that retrieve information from searches conducted by users. For many years, Google has been the dominant search engine. With such dominance, the corporation has established itself as the search engine of choice (Tar, 2011). This eradicates any possibility of Google’s substitution in the near future. Moreover, the corporation’s innovativeness guarantees its survival and continued dominance. Threat of new entry There is moderate threat of new entries on Google’s dominance. The technology industry has many entry barriers that prevent emergence of new entrants. Examples of entry barriers include stiff competition, dominance by few companies, and large amount of capital required (Hamen, 2011). Google has developed a wide array of products that make its dominance almost insurmountable (Hamen, 2011). The only threat could come from a company that en ters the technology market and chooses to focus on only one product. For example, a new entrant could use resources on development of a search engine to compete with Google. However, this would be detrimental to growth because in case of failure, the entire investment would be lost.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Five-Forces Model in Google specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Conclusion The internet and software industries are highly competitive and lucrative. Google has successfully dominated the internet sector through innovation and creativity. There is low supplier power and strong buyer power. Competitive rivalry is moderate thus promoting Google’s dominance of internet search engines sector. There is low threat of substitution because Google’s products are dominant in the internet and software industries. On the other hand, the threat of new entrants is moderate. The corporation’s wide a rray of products and services cushions it against competition and threats from new entrants. References Hamen, S. (2011). Google: The Company and Its Founders. New York: ABDO. Porter, M. (2008). Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and  Competitors. New York: Simon and Schuster. Tar, A. (2011). Google Inc.-An Industry Power House. New York: GRIN Verlag. This essay on Five-Forces Model in Google was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Roman-Germanic Wars Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

Roman-Germanic Wars' Battle of the Teutoburg Forest The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest was fought in September 9 AD during the Roman-Germanic Wars (113 BC-439 AD). Armies Commanders Germanic Tribes Arminiusapprox. 10,000-12,000 men Roman Empire Publius Quinctilius Varus20,000-36,000 men Background In 6 AD, Publius Quinctilius Varus was assigned to oversee the consolidation of the new province of Germania. Though an experienced administrator, Varus quickly developed a reputation for arrogance and cruelty. By pursuing policies of heavy taxation and showing disrespect for Germanic culture, he caused many of the Germanic tribes that were allied to Rome to reconsider their position as well as drove neutral tribes to open rebellion. During the summer of 9 AD, Varus and his legions worked to put down various small rebellions along the frontier. In these campaigns, Varus led three legions (XVII, XVIII, and XIX), six independent cohorts, and three squadrons of cavalry. A formidable army, it was further supplemented by allied German troops including those of the Cherusci tribe led by Arminius. A close advisor of Varus, Arminius had spent time in Rome as a hostage during which he had been educated in the theories and practice of Roman warfare. Aware that Varus policies were causing unrest, Arminius secretly worked to unite many of the Germanic tribes against the Romans. As fall approached, Varus began moving the army from the Weser River towards its winter quarters along the Rhine. En route, he received reports of uprisings which required his attention. These were fabricated by Arminius who may have suggested that Varus move through the unfamiliar Teutoburg Forest to accelerate the march. Before moving out, a rival Cheruscan nobleman, Segestes, told Varus that Arminius was plotting against him. Varus dismissed this warning as the manifestation of a personal feud between the two Cheruscans. Prior to the army moving out, Arminius departed under the pretext of rallying more allies. Death in the Woods Advancing, the Roman army was strung out in a marching formation with camp followers interspersed. Reports also indicate that Varus neglected to send out scouting parties to prevent an ambush. As the army entered the Teutoburg Forest, a storm broke and a heavy rain began. This, along with poor roads and rough terrain, stretched the Roman column to between nine to twelve miles long. With the Romans struggling through the forest, the first Germanic attacks began. Conducting hit and run strikes, Arminius men picked away at the strung out enemy. Aware that the wooded terrain prevented the Romans from forming for battle, the Germanic warriors worked to gain local superiority against isolated groups of legionaries. Taking losses through the day, the Romans constructed a fortified camp for the night. Pushing forward in the morning, they continued to suffer badly before reaching open country. Seeking relief, Varus began moving towards the Roman base at Halstern which was 60 miles to the southwest. This required re-entering wooded country. Enduring the heavy rain and continued attacks, the Romans pushed on through the night in an effort to escape. The next day, the Romans were faced with a trap prepared by the tribes near Kalkriese Hill. Here the road was constricted by a large bog to the north and the wooded hill to the south. In preparation for meeting the Romans, the Germanic tribesmen had built ditches and walls blocking the road. With few choices remaining, the Romans began a series of assaults against the walls. These were repulsed and in the course of the fighting Numonius Vala fled with the Roman cavalry. With Varus men reeling, the Germanic tribes swarmed over the walls and attacked. Slamming into the mass of Roman soldiers, the Germanic tribesmen overwhelmed the enemy and began a mass slaughter. With his army disintegrating, Varus committed suicide rather than be captured. His example was followed by many of his higher ranking officers. Aftermath of the Battle of Teutoburg Forest While exact numbers are not known, it is estimated that between 15,000-20,000 Roman soldiers were killed in the fighting with additional Romans take prisoner or enslaved. Germanic losses are not known with any certainty. The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest saw the complete destruction of three Roman legions and badly angered Emperor Augustus. Stunned by the defeat, Rome began preparing for new campaigns into Germania which began in 14 AD. These ultimately recaptured the standards of the three legions defeated in the forest. Despite these victories, the battle effectively halted Roman expansion at the Rhine.

Barriers to growth for potential high growth organizations Essay

Barriers to growth for potential high growth organizations - Essay Example Recklies (2001) enlists several indicators of growth in an organization that include a substantial increase in revenue, subsidiaries, employees, and the organization’s assets. He further adds that growth should be gauged in terms of sustainability, improved value of shares held in the organization, and profitability. There are several barriers and drivers to growth of organizations alike. The following discussion focuses on some of the major growth drivers and the main barriers to growth in relation to high growth enterprises. Drivers to Growth To begin with, drivers to growth are those factors that enhance rapid growth in organizations. They may include the following: Proper Financing A high growth organization is boosted a lot by good finances. This can be in terms of availability, sufficiency, and the rate of interest; otherwise referred to as the costs of financing. When there are cheaper sources of financing that are available to the organization, the organization is able to invest in ventures easily and with speed to be able to take advantage of any opportunity that brings more return to the organization. ... For instance, the government may decide to restrict importation of commodities related to a particular industry to help growth in that industry. The result is that a first growing organization in that industry will have a favorable environment of expansion in terms of capacity because of the ready market for its product and reduced completion from substitute products. This will in turn add onto its revenue, which can then also be ploughed back to certain agreed proportions despite increasing the value of shares held by its owners. A Larger Unexploited Market Segment or Market Share A larger market indicates a larger proportion of potential customers to the organization. In cases where the organization still has some sort of a large catchment area of customers that have the potential of being the company’s buyers, growth is favored than in a closed market where every consumer has already identified with a brand. The motivation of reaching to the untapped market is massive and, therefore, leads to growth because as the organization reaches out to more and more consumers, and there is an additional turnover or growth in sales that ensures that revenue is boosted. Arrival of new customers in a totally new segment adds onto the profits eventually; hence, it provokes a rapid growth to the organization. Good Information Management Structure Information flow is very essential to any organization. An organization with an effective and efficient management system for information flow; therefore, it is likely to grow at a faster rate (Stalk et al 1992). This is because organizations are likely to have complex structures at every level that also involves

National Identity and Language Rights Research Paper

National Identity and Language Rights - Research Paper Example The official thinking goes that one language is necessary for the inherent unity of the country. However, the unofficial reason for these laws, according to many, is racist at its core – because language is not just an abstraction or way to communicate, but also is vital to one's culture and place in society, deeming one's language as inferior is akin to deeming one's culture as also inferior. Another issue is that these laws are probably unconstitutional, as they disenfranchise potential voters who do not know the language. As voting is a right for all citizens, forcing a citizen to vote without knowing what he is voting for, or forcing this citizen to stay home, is unconstitutional. These are just some of the reasons why English only or official English laws are unworkable. But still, legislatures and the people try to make them work, as evidenced by the different movements that have sprung up in this milieu. There are a variety of reasons for the movement to make English the official language. Citrin et al. (1990) identified some of these reasons in their study of the municipalities and states where English only or English as the Official language have been adopted. One of these reasons is historical in nature. English-only in public opinion began in earnest around the turn of the century, as people immigrating from Southern and Eastern Europe stirred xenophobic feelings among Americans, culminating in the â€Å"Americanization† movement that â€Å"insisted that national unity depended upon cultural homogeneity and a common language† (Auerbach, 1993, p. 10).